Driving around Portugal it’s very common to see horses tied up by the sides of the road, on wastelands and fields.
Keeping horses tethered 24/7 is a very normal and perfectly legal here.
In the winter most horses are in good condition since there is plenty of green grass for them to eat and to hydrate from. In the heat of the summer it’s heartbreaking to see horses standing out under the sun with no access shade, food or water, totally dehydrated and starving.
Horses are commonly tied by the neck or head, but some are standing with their front legs hobbled together, or just tied up by one front leg. It’s also not uncommon to see the horses head attached to his hind leg, often with a rope made out of braided bailing twine, causing abrasions and cuts to the horses skin.
It’s one of the downsides of being an animal lover here in Portugal. Seeing horses like this never gets any easier.